Superiorly sensitive and selective H2 sensor based on p-n heterojunction of WO3–CoO nanohybrids and its sensing mechanism

In this study, an excellent hydrogen gas sensor based on the WO₃–CoO nanohybrids (WCNHs) heterojunction structure has been successfully fabricated. The WCNHs device showed superior sensitivity, admirable selectivity as well as excellent long-term stability for target gas. In particular, the considerable gas sensing response of WCNHs (5:4) towards 100 ppm hydrogen gas (H₂) concentration was reached 39, which is superior to that of the outstanding candidates. Especially, the detection limit capability was as low as 311 ppb. The remarkable response of WCNHs (5:4) can mainly be ascribed to appropriate morphology characteristics and the promising p-n heterojunction architecture, resulting in efficient absorbing behavior and beneficial charge carrier transportation. As a Result, the aims of improving Ra (intrinsic resistance) and decreasing Rg (test resistance) have been simultaneously achieved ultimately leading to an impressive response value of WCNHs sensing materials. The present results verified that WCNHs heterojunction structure was an outstanding design to enhance the H₂ sensing performance for WO₃-based gas sensors.     

Electronic synaptic characteristics and simulation application of Ag/CeO2/Pt memristor

With the development of science and technology, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become a research spot. Furthermore, two-terminal oxide memristors with adjustable resistance have attracted extensive attention due to their simple structure, low power consumption, and easy integration, among other attractive features. Additionally, among many oxides, ceria has exhibited good performance, such as longer retention and better stability in resistive devices; however, it was currently rarely used in artificial neural synapses. In this work, a self-designed Ag/CeO₂/Pt memristor was found to realize the slow transition between the high-resistance state (HRS) and low-resistance state (LRS) at a very small working voltage. It was also found to exhibit very good retention performance and cyclic characteristics. The conductivity of the device was analyzed by the current-voltage (I–V) characteristics curve. Furthermore, its artificial synaptic function was explored, and a series of neuromorphic systems simulations were carried out. Additionally, the relationships between the pulse sequence parameters and the resistance state of the device were explored, and an electrical signal simulation of Pavlov's dog experiment was designed. The findings demonstrated that the device could be used to realize the application of artificial neural synapse simulation.     

加工方式对玉筋鱼干风味的影响

为研究加工方式对玉筋鱼干风味的影响，实验按加工方式分为加盐煮制冷风干燥（boiling in salt solution followed by cold air drying，SCC）组和冷风干燥（cold air drying，CD）组。采用电子鼻技术、气相离子迁移谱（gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy，GC-IMS）技术、氨基酸自动分析技术、高效液相色谱技术测定玉筋鱼干中的风味成分。结果表明，不同加工方式制作的玉筋鱼干在气味、滋味方面存在显著差异。电子鼻、GC-IMS技术均能区分不同工艺制作的玉筋鱼干气味，采用GC-IMS技术共分析出68 种挥发性成分，庚醛、戊醛、3-甲基丁醛对玉筋鱼干独特风味的形成有重要影响，其中3-甲基丁醛源自CD工艺，其区别于SCC工艺气味的关键物质。玉筋鱼干中的主要鲜味氨基酸是Glu，主要呈味核苷酸是肌苷酸；CD组玉筋鱼干中的鲜味氨基酸和甜味氨基酸含量占总游离氨基酸的比重高于SCC组，同时CD组滋味活性值、味精当量值均高于SCC组，所以仅采用CD工艺制作的玉筋鱼干滋味优于加盐煮制后CD工艺制作的玉筋鱼干。     

Ambient electrosynthesis of NH3 from N2 using Bi-doped CeO2 cube as electrocatalyst

The synthesis of ammonia (NH₃) from electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under environmental conditions is a promising technology. Compared with the traditional artificial nitrogen fixation process by the Haber-Bosch process, electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) requires no harsh reaction conditions. In this work, we report that Bi-doped CeO₂ nanocubes show high NRR activity as electrocatalysts. The NH₃ yield of 17.83 μgh⁻¹ mg⁻¹_cat. and the Faradaic Efficiency (FE) of 1.61% at −0.9 V are achieved in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄. The performance is much higher than that for the traditional CeO₂ nanoparticles. The detailed analysis indicates that both the Bi doping and the cube morphology are critical for this encouraging NRR performance. The mechanism for improving NRR is further explored with first-principle calculations, demonstrating the importance of Bi-doping for performance enhancement.     

Direct measurement of electrocaloric effect in lead-free (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-based multilayer ceramic capacitors

Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) of lead-free NBT-based ceramics are produced and their electrocaloric effect (ECE) is characterised for the first time. Dense MLCCs with 97μm-thick active layers are successfully produced by tape casting. Dielectric permittivity measurements reveal the MLCCs to have properties similar with that reported for the corresponding bulk ceramics, including T_d∼50°C and T_S∼100°C. Direct ECE measurements also reveal agreement and confirm the previously reported tendency of the high-field ECE peak to shift towards T_S. The highest value of ECE, ΔT_max∼1.7K is measured at 90°C under 90kV/cm. A low breakdown strength of 93kV/cm needs to be solved to realise stronger electric fields and achieve commercially viable ECE values.     

星载海洋激光雷达叶绿素剖面探测能力估算

为了评估和分析星载海洋激光雷达探测全球海洋光学参数的性能，依据激光雷达方程和蒙特卡罗模型结果模拟计算激光传输信号，开发了星载海洋激光雷达仿真模拟系统。仿真模拟系统由正向模拟、数据反演与误差分析三部分组成，能够模拟激光发射、传输和探测的全过程。根据给定的激光雷达参数，模拟了443 nm、486.1 nm和532 nm波长在地中海、印度洋、南大洋与太平洋四个典型海区的探测信号。研究结果表明，443 nm和486 nm波长的探测深度在各个海区均比较接近，并且均比532 nm更深。在给定的激光雷达参数情况下，486.1 nm波长在太平洋和南大洋的探测深度分别为120 m和70 m，在地中海和印度洋的探测深度均为约100 m。叶绿素a浓度在以上海区的探测深度分别约为80 m、50 m和70 m。     

Ca12Al14O33∶Eu2＋,Nd3＋长余辉发光粉的合成及其发光性能

采用燃烧法合成出Ca12Al14O33∶Eu2＋,Nd3＋靛蓝色长余辉发光粉.利用XRD和FE-SEM对产物的物相结构和形貌进行了表征,用激发光谱、发射光谱和余辉衰减曲线对样品的发光性能进行了分析.通过正交试验设计,以余辉时间为指标,研究了Eu2＋的掺杂量、Nd3＋的掺杂量、H3B03的用量以及尿素的用量对制备条件的影响.研究结果表明：最优化方案制备的Ca12Al14O33∶Eu2＋,Nd3＋长余辉发光粉的发射光谱呈宽发射谱带,波长范围为390～530 nm,发光峰值位于443 nm,余辉时间长达3240 s.     

关于石化工程项目埋地生产污水管道防渗的思考和建议

分析了我国石化工程项目中埋地生产污水管道采用HDPE土工膜防渗的必要性、可靠性。指出对于埋地生产污水管道是否需要采取被动的防渗措施,目前只能由环评报告书及其批复意见来确定。同时对相关防渗技术规范提出了一些修改建议,并建议地下水环境敏感地区不可建设石化项目,将埋地生产污水管道与埋地石油类管道区分后可仅采用主动防渗措施。对实际工程设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Highly active nitrogen-doped few-layer graphene/carbon nanotube composite electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media

In this work the electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction on nitrogen-doped few-layer graphene/multi-walled carbon nanotube (FLG/MWCNT) composite catalyst has been investigated. These composite materials were prepared from different nitrogen precursors, acid-treated MWCNTs and graphene oxide (GO), which was synthesised from graphite by the modified Hummers’ method. Urea and dicyandiamide were used as nitrogen precursors and the doping was achieved by pyrolysing the mixture of GO and MWCNTs in the presence of these nitrogen-containing compounds at 800 °C. The N-doped composite catalyst samples were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the latter method revealed successful nitrogen doping. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied in 0.1 M KOH on glassy carbon electrodes modified with N-doped FLG/MWCNT electrocatalysts employing the rotating disk electrode (RDE) method. The RDE results indicated that these metal-free nitrogen-doped nanocarbon catalysts possess remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR in alkaline media similar to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. The results obtained in this work are particularly important for the development of non-Pt cathode catalysts for alkaline membrane fuel cells.     

油气田环境中的器材选用

本文详细的分析了油气田环境中常见的腐蚀类型,包括湿硫化氢腐蚀、氯化物应力腐蚀开裂。并提出不同工况下管道器材的选用、试验方案,安全阀及仪表的选材及选型。